Technology in Special Education Classrooms

Odabasi, H. F. , Kuzu, A. , Girgin, C. , Cuhadar, C. , Kiyici, M. , & Tanyeri, T. (2009). Reflections of Hearing Impaired Students on Daily and Instructional PDA Use. International Journal of Special Education , 24 (1), 11. I would like to begin by saying, â€Å"Whatever it takes to teach my students, I am willing to do! † Whether I need to make print outs of everything covered in class, to e-mailing them, to wearing a microphone, etc. The need for technology in the classroom is rapidly increasing with the changing times. I will be teaching high school mathematics and even still I will incorporate technology into my classroom in any way possible, whether it is with computers or calculators. According to this article there is a â€Å"list of benefits of implementing these technologies for special students as follows. He maintains that using these technologies: †¢Maximizes independence in academic and employment tasks, †¢Increases participation in classroom discussions, †¢Helps students gain access to peers, mentors and role models, †¢Helps them self-advocate, Provides them with access to the full range of educational options, †¢Helps them participate in different experiences not otherwise possible, †¢Provides them with the opportunity to succeed in work-based learning experiences, †¢Secures high levels of independent living, †¢Prepares them for transitions to college and careers, †¢Gives them the opportunity to work side-by-side with peers, †¢Helps the m enter high-tech career fields, †¢Encourages them to participate in community and recreational activities† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). According to Odabasi, et. al, â€Å"Aksan defines communication as the transmission of information, ideas, emotions and intentions from one place to another or from on person to another through primitive or mature indicators† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). A common language is necessary in order for one person to communicate with another. Odabasi, et. al states that â€Å"hearing impaired children follow the same processes followed by their hearing peers during learning. However, because of their impairment, their language acquisition, reading comprehension, and written production are later realized in comparison to their intact peers† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). The swift increase in the demand for â€Å"portable information-technology devices† is quickly growing out of control (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). But, the demand has been the driving force for the influx of cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDA’s), and GPRS available on the market today. I say if the making of these devices is going to help students with disabilities, then so be it and bring them on. According to Odabasi, et. al, â€Å"Mobile learning provides a motivational stimulus, offers ease of storage and portability, contributes to improved written work, increases knowledge of computers, offers a range of useful functions, and is readily available at all times† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). Within the need for â€Å"Mobile learning† also comes â€Å"Mobile technologies that can be used whenever there is a need for learning, support individual learning, provide collaboration and communication everywhere, accommodate to individuals’ particular knowledge and skill level, sustain uninterrupted access to information resources, and accommodate to daily communication needs† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). Students will be able to contact teachers and access their work outside the classroom with â€Å"Mobile Technology† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). Odabasi, et. al says â€Å"PDA’s have two basic purposes in mobile learning – to provide sustained personal access to ICT, through which teachers might develop familiarity with relevant concepts and practices; and to provide access to the projects and professional development materials† (Odabasi, Kuzu, Girgin, Cuhadar, Kiyici, & Tanyeri, 2009). In conclusion, I will definitely be using technology in my classroom. However, I will have a limited selection and availability of programs, as I will be teaching high school mathematics. I do believe that it would benefit more students to have more access to material pertaining to their classes, no matter which classes they may be.

KFC Case Study Essay

Introduction KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) is one of the most popular and widely spread fast food chain spread across various countries. KFC has established in market as a specialist in fried chicken. Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, US, KFC today is world’s second largest fast food chain after McDonalds with presence in several countries. As of December 2012, KFC had more than 18,000 outlets spread across 120 countries. Yum! Brands is the parent company which owns KFC along with other subsidiaries such as Pizza Hut and Taco Bell restaurants chain (Liu, 2008). Founded by Harland Sanders in Corbin, Kentucky KFC clocked close to $11 billion in revenues by end of 2011. KFC can be credited for being a pioneer in popularizing chicken in fast foot industry. As a company KFC has been termed as one of the most innovative company in terms of marketing its product among customers. Over a period of time it has given a stiff competition to other fast food chains like McDonalds, Starbucks etc. thr ough its comprehensive and effective marketing strategy. LO1.1: Changing Perspectives in Marketing Planning Concept of Product: KFC founded in 1930, has always believed in the concept of product. Its primary product –fried chicken has remained the most sought after fast food product since its inception. With time KFC added range of fast food items catering to different taste buds and eating sensibilities. This approach reflected that how it has adapted itself in the changing and challenging environment by rival companies like McDonalds etc. Product development and adapting in the changing market perspective is crucial for a fast food chain like KFC (Ghanawi, 2012). Concept of Selling: KFC has kept its focus on ensuring that consumers favour the product which offers the best in terms of taste and quality. KFC has never comprised with the quality of the product it has offered to customer. Since inception it  has maintained its trademark taste of the fried chicken which has resulted into a loyal base of customer following. KFC has never taken its popularity for granted and has always believed in getting feedback from customer through various channels, which in return has helped it further to optimize the quality and other factors associated with its fast food products. Concept of Marketing: KFC has always been aggressive in terms of marketing its product. Even though it has established itself as leading player in fast food sector, despite of this fact it has never shied away from marketing efforts towards its product. This focus on marketing helps in creating brand awareness and customer satisfaction. Concept of Societal Marketing: Societal marketing is an important concept in marketing strategy of any company. KFC has always believed in reaching to its customer through various ways like customer surveys, feedbacks etc. This helps KFC in establishing a close bonding with its customer which eventually helps in increasing the sales. Through its feedback and survey it has launched geographic specific products as well in order to cater localized taste and sensibilities. L.O. 1.2: KFC’s Capability for Planning its Future Marketing Activity For KFC, capacity planning for its marketing activity is an extremely critical part of the business as complete business relies heavily on the future forecast and trend. This capacity planning strategy is focused on determining current and future requirement of a typical fast food specific market. Capability for planning its future marketing activity has several important points which need to be understood, they are as follows: Financial Capability: KFC earned revenue of nearly $11 billion in 2012 underlines the fact that it has enough financial capabilities to compete with other fast food chains like McDonalds etc. This has also ensured that with a strong revenue model it has sufficient marketing budget allotment for maintaining its market positioning. Technological Capability: KFC has always focused on supporting its marketing activity through use of superior technologies. These technologies helped in optimizing its operation as well as marketing activities. Popular Products: Like its other competitors, KFC has always maintained a wide range of popular fast food product. Its trademark chicken burger and other chicken fast food products has helped in maintaining a niche market in non-vegetarian fast food segment. Having a popular line of products always helps a company in establishing brand connectivity with the  end customer (Witkowski, Ma & Zheng, 2003). LO 1.3: Techniques Used by KFC for Organizational Auditing & for Analysing External factors that affect marketing planning Multinational companies like KFC are aware of the fact that effect marketing planning cannot be achieved without appl ication of techniques for organizational auditing and analyses of external factors. External factors for KFC comprises of Macro environment and Micro environment. Macro environment consists of aspects such as social, cultural, legal, economic, political and technological. These aspects further include other factors such as demographics, environmental limitations and broader societal factors. On other hand micro environment includes other constraints such as market structure, suppliers, customer, trend of the market, and competition. Organizational audit helps KFC to analyse and examine resources available and supplies suggestion related to strength and weakness of the company. Organizational considerations are controlled by KFC itself hence it is important that it should avoid any sort of issues from this area. It is vital for a company like KFC to consider organizational auditing and development of the SWOT analysis (Magrath, 1986). It is important especially to take advantage of its organizational strengths, reduce any limitation, and exploit market opportunities as they appear. External environment is critical since it gives direction to behaviour and overall marketing strategy of a multinational company like KFC. L.O. 1.4: Assume that you have just been promoted to the position of marketing manager in a Fast food organization. Carry out organizational auditing and analysis of external factors that affect marketing planning in your organization. As a marketing manager it is important to understand the role and importance of organizational audit and analysis of external factors. This is critical because it leads to a direct impact on the success of the marketing strategy of KFC and its goal to maintain its niche position of fried chicken fast food specialist. Organizational audit focuses on entire business, it focuses on the business objective, goal, mission, vision and all strategies being applied in the business. SWOT analysis is one popular and effective tool for audit of such factors. Following are the result for the SWOT analysis done for KFC: Audit focusing upon organizations marketing objective and strategy helps in  determining how well those strategies is suited to the current and forecasted market environment in fast food segment across various geographies. Organizational audit of marketing strategy is concerned specifically with a goal of evaluating organization’s structural capability and its preparedness for implementation of the strategy needed for further development of the business and fast food segment in general. Organizational audit helps in covering wide spectrum of functions like quality of organizational systems for analysis, control and planning. L.O. 2.1: Assess the main barriers to marketing planning Following barriers needs to be addressed: Lack of Vision: KFC has to be cautious while implanting its marketing plan. In order to ensure an effective implementation it is important to have a comprehensive plan. However marketing plan should ensure that it covers every aspect which it can face due to changing market environment (Christian & Gereffi, 2010). Poor future vision can result into an insufficient marketing plan which can lead to failure. Less focus on Innovation: Although fast food segment has been dominated by products which have not changed over a long period of time. However with changing customer taste and preference, it is critical for KFC to focus on innovation of new fast food items which can offer something new to customer. It has to innovate and customize its product based on various geographies it works in. Leadership issues: KFC comes under a single brand known as YUM! Brand, which operates other subsidiaries brands such as Pizza hut and Taco Bell. In order to ensure a smooth functioning of the business, it is important to segregate the leadership for a better focus on the individual brands. This will help in brand specific focus and other management related activities. L.O.2.2: Examine how organizations may overcome barriers to market planning KFC being an international chain of fast food joints, it has huge pressure in terms of ensuring that its market planning is always in sync with its business objectives. In order to achieve that KFC needs to ensure that irrespective of the geography it is operating in, it should take care of certain barriers which might become a road block in an effective marketing planning. First important barrier is confusing marketing tactic with strategic tactic, often organization end up getting confused between the  two. Hence KFC should ensure that it has clear demarcation of its operational tactic and its marketing tactic. Another aspect is overcoming organizational barriers, in way of effective market planning, organizational barriers like slow decision making process, unnecessary hierarchies etc. might create problem in effective market planning. Another important barrier is failure to prioritize the objectives to be achieved from the market plan. In order to achieve the maximum out of a market plan, it will be important for KFC to prioritize its requirements or goals. For example its expectation from Asia geography might be different as compared to European continent, in such circumstances it needs to accordingly prioritize its market plan activities and set the goal on those priorities. L.O.3.1.: Marketing plan (notes for power point presentation) S ituational Analysis: KFC is famous for its non-veg range fast food products Increasing trend towards vegetarian fast food products Demand for economic and quick snack vegetarian fast food products in growing countries such as India Campaigns from PETA are another reason why people from west are also moving away from non-veg fast food items. Market Segmentation: Total market of fast food market is around $15.2 billion (2011-12), important point to note that despite presence of various kind of fast food products there is hardly any presence of veg fast food products this highlights that there his huge scope for veg fast food products which are cheap but have superiors quality. Competition: Major competition for KFC veg Snacker is from veg products such as Subway’s veg sub, McDonald’s veg burger, McDonald’s veg wrap etc. and other local player specializing in veg fast food products Consumer Analysis: Population in growing economies seek cheap but tasty and good quality fast food item. In country such as India, there is huge vegetarian population which also like fast foods such as veg snacker bu rger offered by KFC. Marketing Challenges Faced: (S) Strength Second best global brand in fast food industry Famous and popular formula of original 11 herbs and spices recipe Support of popular subsidiaries such as combination of KFC – Pizza Hut and KFC – Taco Bell Leadership position among companies offering chicken as their primary product offering (W) Weakness includes Negative publicity from health conscious groups Row over quality of chicken used as raw material Vulnerable to downfall in business due to issues like bird-flu Lack of strong marketing efforts as compared to companies like McDonalds (O) Opportunities includes Increasing demand for healthier food Focus on home delivery of the products Scope of introducing new varieties in its chicken range of products (T) Threats includes Trend towards healthy food habits Currency fluctuations Various law suits from groups supporting green and vegetarian food Marketing Strategy: Product: Veg Snacker in a country like India is fulfilling the requirement of cheap, quick and tasty fast food. Veg Snacker also has better nutritional value as compared to other competitors such as McDonald’s veg burger, and cottage cheese burger and wraps Place: KFC should focus on markets dominated by veg population, its distribution channel should be in place for procurement of raw material for its veg products. Pricing: Unlike other KFC product, veg Snacker has been priced competitively to attract customer with low budget but are looking for quality veg fast food products. Promotion: KFC should focus on this aspect that being a famous brand for non-veg fast food products it is now focusing on veg items as well. It should focus on ensuring that quality of veg fast food items is equally good. Conclusion This marketing plan for veg products has to be implemented carefully because of risk due to brand image. Marketing plan for veg products has to be isolated from overall marketing plan, since main focus of KFC has been on non-veg fast food items. Pricing and Packaging of the product is critical for overall success of the veg line of fast food items. L.O.3.3: Examine techniques for new product development KFC can opt for eight stages of a product development which involves following process: Concept Generation of New Product: SWOT analysis can be used effectively for assisting basic research towards new concept generation of a fast food product. Concept Screening: KFC based on a new concept/idea can then screen and question the relevance of the concept. It is very important for KFC to understand that relevance of the product that should be implemented as per the market situation. Working on a concept which competitors have already launched might not be a logical business strategy. There should be clarity related to the target market as well. What customer base KFC will be targeting should be clear from the concept stage itself (Starvish, 2011). Concept Development and Product Testing: KFC should also focus on the proper testing of the new product for its market suitability and target customer segment. For example a spicy chicken burger might not be successful in market dominated by less spice loving population. Thus a product should be tested internally before it is launched on a wider scale. Beta Testing and Marketing Testing: KFC can understand a significant part of customer feedback through a selected launch of the product to a specific set of customers. With a proper feedback channel, valuable inputs regarding the product can be collected which can be further used to optimize the end product before it is launched. Technical Implementation: Technical implementation phase will include activities like all the logistical attributes which will be necessary for a producing the fast food product. Thus how a raw material will be procured? What raw material will be used? Availability of the manpower for the production and several other facts should be taken care by KFC in this particular phase of the product development. Commercialization: Commercialization is the critical phase, where post development of the product there has to be specific budget and time for product promotion and creating awareness about the product. Optimization of distribution channel and monetization of the product is also crucial part of this phase. Product Pricing: For a company like KFC which has operation in developed as well as developing countries, pricing is a critical aspect of the whole business. In price sensitive markets like Asia, any wrong pricing strategy can result into product failure. L.O.3.4 Pricing policy, distribution and communication mix for: Wrigley’s chewing gum: Wrigley’s chewing gum is a classic example of how a company can create  success through a product which is not a necessity for consumers. Through its aggressive strategy in pricing, distribution and communication it has ensured that it remains on top in chewing gum category. Rather than focus on creating a premium product, Wrigley’s focused on getting its basic correct through an economical pricing of the product which ensured that people adopted and started using the product. Through its intensive market research it strengthened its distribution channel and formed a strong relationship with retailers. With its innovative and aggressive marketing and communication strategy, it has ensured that consumers do not forget about the brand. Sky TV: Being one of the pioneers in direct- to-home concept, Sky TV always ensured a balanced approach in terms of pricing. It offered both segment of customers i.e. segment which was bothered about value delivery and segment which believed in cost of product. It bundled and offered them in various packs based on their popularity and subscription cost. Sky TV initially had been aggressive in its communication strategy to reach its customer, which paid off positively. With focus on acquiring new customer base, Sky TV has always been innovating in terms of its communication approach to actively engage with its customer base. BMW 7 Series: Keeping in with tradition, BMW has maintained a premium pricing over each of its product. Main reason behind this is to maintain an exclusivity of the brand along with a healthy margin on the product sold. Thus it never comprises with its pricing strategy to boost its sales volume. BMW 7 Series has been able to penetrate the upper class of the car buyers through its wide spread distribution channel, which not only sells the car, but also provides an effective after sales service to the vehicle. Communication mix for BMW has always been focused on the premium segment of society, for whom spending money is not an issue, but they are cautious about the premium attached to the product. Bentley Car : Similar to brands like BMW, Audi etc., Bentley has ensured that it is known as super premium car making company. That is why despite of slump in its car sales it never tweaked with its pricing strategy. It has always focused on the premium and high net worth individual who are more focused on the brand and the premium attached to it. Distribution channel of Bentley is not as strong as its competitors, but it does have presence in majority of the prime cities across globe. Its communication mix and marketing has always targeted rich customers who have  always believed in owning the best of every segment. Hilton Hotel Room: Hilton has always believed in providing best of the user experience to its end customer, even if it comes with an extra cost. That is why Hilton boasts of a loyal set of customers who always prefer Hilton over other hotel. Hilton has given preference to exclusivity over the pricing factor, with added luxuries as compared to other competitors and a personal touch in its services Hilton has always been able to justify its above average pricing structure. With a wide presence across the globe, it has been able to establish a brand name through which its customer can connect easily. Holiday Cruise from London to Florida: Cruise holidays have always been a popular product among tourists. Tours and travel companies have ensured that they capitalize on this craze. However with a holiday cruise as far as from London to Florida is concerned, it depends on the partner offering. Pricing strategy should be focused more on upper segment of the society, because they are the one who can afford a cruise travel. With various luxuries added, cruise holiday can justify its pricing strategy as well. Distribution has to be maintained through extensive network of tours and travel operators. With multiple holiday packages being promoted, a holiday cruise has to be promoted aggressively in order to ensure that it can be differentiated from other holiday packages. L.O.3.5: Explain how factors affecting the effective implementation of the marketing plan have been taken into account Various factors which affects the effective implementation of the marketing plan are as follows: Information about Target Segment: For KFC the target customer has always been the teen and post teen. Their advertising campaign has primarily revolved around college going students and working professionals. However with time, and competition from rival fast food companies, they have focused on various age groups (Roller, Voorhees & Lulnkenheimer, 2006). Important aspect is that whatever fast food product has been launched, it has been done with proper knowledge of its target customer. For effective implementation of marketing plan prior research about the target customer base is extremely critical. Measurable Goals and Objectives: Marketing team at KFC has to be clear about their end goals and organizational objectives. Clarity on these two aspects is important towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. In fast food segment, acceptance of the new product launched, and objective achieved  in terms of the expected sales helps towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. Proper techniques for forecasting of the expected sales and measurable goals helps in und erstanding the success of the product launched. Proper and Effective Communication Tactics: Fast food companies have to be very thoughtful with their communication strategy. Even a slight mistake in terms of improper communication can lead to disastrous result. With various lobbies opposing junk food or fast food segment, there is always a pressure on companies like KFC to come up with relevant and targeted communication. Thus what channel is being selected for communication also matters a lot. For example if target demography is vegetarian in nature then launching and creating campaign about a chicken burger will be a big mistake. Hence optimization of communication tactic is an important stepping stone towards effective implementation of the marketing plan. L.O.4.1: Explain how ethical issues influence marketing planning Fast food segment has to face several ethical issues, which eventually shape up their marketing plan. There are many countries which are extremely particular about the quality of the product and its raw material used. For example a country or area dominated by vegetarian population will never accept a chicken or beef burger. That is why in the stores there has to be strict check on what is being served to the customer. Recently there was a viral video on social networking site which highlighted how raw material for KFC is procured which highlighted several loop-holes in the procurement process. This issue exposed the hygiene and cleanliness standards in the procurement as well. Such kind of ethical issues many times results in lawsuit etc. (Schrà ¶der & McEachern, 2005). L.O.4.2: Analyse examples of how organizations respond to ethical issues KFC has witnessed an exponential growth across globe. But with this growth rate there are several instances of backlash against the brand as well. For example a slight negligence in a vegetarian dominated population can lead to ethical issues among the population and negative publicity for the brand. In any such instance where KFC has been on the defaulter side, it has always cooperated with the respective agencies and has proactively accepted its mistake wherever necessary. As a brand KFC has never ignored its social responsibility and accepting mistakes because of its negligence. In order to address any consumer complain they have dedicated complain cell which handles consumer grievances. L.O. 4.3: Analyse  examples of consumer ethics and the effect it has on the marketing planning Consumer ethics has major impact on designing of market strategy of a company. For example KFC avoids an aggressive marketing of non-vegetarian products in vegetarian dominated population. KFC also avoids targeting kids as their target segment since fast food are considered as unhealthy and greasy in nature In order to have a strong brand connect and brand value it is important to keep all the ethical issues in perspective while developing the market planning strategy (Parasuraman, Grewal & Krishnan, 2006). References: Liu, W. K. (2008). KFC in China: secret recipe for success. John Wiley & Sons (Asia). Ghanawi, N. (2012). The Internationalization of KFC. Witkowski, T. H., Ma, Y., & Zheng, D. (2003). Cross-cultural influences on brand identity impressions: KFC in China and the United States. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 15(1/2), 74-88. Magrath, A. J. (1986). When marketing services, 4 Ps are not enough. Business Horizons, 29(3), 44-50. Christian, M., & Gereffi, G. (2010). The marketing and distribution of fast food. InPediatric Obesity (pp. 439-450). Springer New York. Sophonsiri, S., & Polyorat, K. (2009). The impact of brand personality dimensions on brand association and brand attractiveness: the case study of kfc in thailand. Journal of Global Business & Technology, 5(2). Starvish, M. (2011). KFC’s explosive growth in China. HBS Working Knowledge. Roller, S. T., Voorhees Jr, T., & Lulnkenheimer, A. K. (2006). Obesity, food marketing and consumer litigation: threat or opportunity. Food & Drug LJ, 61, 419. Schrà ¶der, M. J., & McEachern, M. G. (2005). Fast foods and ethical consumer value: a focus on McDo nald’s and KFC. British Food Journal, 107(4), 212-224. Parasuraman, A., Grewal, D., & Krishnan, R. (2006). Marketing research. Cengage Learning.

Book Will Always Exist

Book will always exist We are living in a century of technical progress. More and more new gadgets appear in our everyday lives. If I had been told ten years ago that I would be able to check e-mails, listen to the music and read electronic books with the use of only mobile phone, I wouldn’t have believed it. Nevertheless nowadays it’s as easy as abc to read a book through computer, mobile phone or a special e-books reader.Major IT corporations raise competition for the invention of the most modern and convenient devise helping people among other options to read e-books. One of the advantages of e-books is that you can download it to your mobile phone, for example. Consequently there’s no need to take a heavy thick book with you anymore. Additionally some internet sources give the possibility to download files for free. You don’t go shopping, just to click on an icon.Hence, you simultaneously save your money and time – the most vital things in life. With the appearance of I-Pads, thin and light, more people change from paper books to this new handy gadget. However in spite of the variety of technical devises for reading, in my opinion, books will always exist. There is a large group of people who prefer simple paper to any modern equipment. Some people like the feel and the smell of paper. From my point of view that’s because paper is a natural material, produced from wood.Megapolis citizens often suffer from the lack of nature in the world of electronics and technology. Likewise when I think of myself recharging my batteries after a hard working day I imagine myself lying on a cosy sofa reading a thrilling book, a real paper book. I’d hazard a guess that I’m not the only one for whom a book may be associated with comfort and relax. That’s why it’s so pleasant to hold a book, turn its pages and feel yourself enjoying the atmosphere.

History of women in the workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of women in the workforce - Essay Example This has precisely become a global phenomenon because they do not have access to equal opportunities. Following the lack of involvement of social entities, the feminine gender has found itself vulnerable to different detrimental factors such as diseases, physical abuse, emotional abuse and even sexual abuse. This paper, therefore, seeks to find and explore the role of women in the society and their vulnerability in an environment that is almost dominated by their opposite gender. Historically women have all through been highly faced with some obstacles that have been brought about by religious, cultural practices, ethnic background and sometimes abuse from their own spouses. Some conflicts have developed in the family relations with regard to gender. Arguably it is believed that behavioural norms have made gender roles vary from one culture to another In China, for example, women are treated as subordinates as opposed to their male counterparts. Therefore, they do not have any right that is supposedly supreme to that of their husbands or fathers. Different roles are set for them. For instance, collecting firewood and fetching water. Significantly the way gender roles are shared is partly attributed to the role that is being played by religion whereby, for example, in the Asian culture the women are highly forbidden in the holy places of worship especially when they are considered unclean due to some reason such as menstruation, ovulation and miscarriages (Hughes and Hughes 212). ... are considered unclean, and can, therefore, not stand in the pulpits or holy temples before they are secluded or sent to undergo thorough cleansing that is presided over by high priests. Significantly, this automatically depicts the men as clean. It also associates them with high divinity and high morals than their female counterparts hence bringing out the relations and differences between the two genders. Widespread discrimination is also another stumbling block before them. The way roles are distributed to women is partially attributed to religion and other social and cultural factors. Religion has been used to curtail the empowerment of women in society who are perceived as a weaker sex. Social-cultural factors such as societal taboos and traditions have also played a role in making women’s struggle for freedom a pipedream. Over the years, however, women have come out to claim their position in society. In the modern society, women have been able to crush the traditional n utshell and have been able to unleash their potential to the society. Women have managed to work in different disciplines like medicine, sports activities, art and even education. This is not only a comfort, but also a stepping stone to them since men continue to dominate the lucrative upper and better paying jobs in the government and other areas whereas, on the other hand, the women are not given full equal opportunities and rights like their opposite gender. They have little or no say at all in even the ownership of property because they are considered to be their husband’s property. Gender and sexuality are also taking a rather intriguing direction. Almost all religions have come up with a development that covers issues on sexuality and ethics. The society tends to look down upon the

Managing change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing change - Essay Example When an organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major section or practice. It also occurs when an organization evolves through various life cycles, just like people must successfully evolve through life cycles. â€Å"For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. Thats why the topic of organizational change and development has become widespread in communications about business, organizations, leadership and management† (Organizational Change and Development).There are different types of organizational change, including planned and unplanned, Wide and partial changes of the organization, slow and gradual change, fundamental changes, etc.. Organization-wide change in corporations should involve the Board of Directors. Whether their members are closely involved in the change or not, they should at least be aware of the change project and monitor if the results are being achieved or not. Changes in management can be divided into two categories. One is based on individual change while the other is based on the organization. Normally the organizations won’t change. But the individuals can change. A large project usually associated with lot of individuals. The success of the project depends on the collective efforts of the employees. Even one employee’s negligence can spoil a large project. The individual change management principle lies in the understanding and appreciation of how one person makes a change. I know a person who is working in a tire manufacturing company as a tire builder. Though this fellow don’t have much education he has found out a new way to make use of the scrap rubber materials in the tire manufacturing unit. The company has promoted him as a manger and now he is working on scraps to make it again useful to the company. The new methodology adopted by this fellow has been properly rewarded by the company both of them have

Law and Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law and Order - Essay Example Basically every country needs a sequence and order to operate its functions properly. In order to make all the tasks of the country go smoothly law and order is implied. Law and order also make sure that a country has peaceful conditions and every one is treated equally. Law and order make sure that every person of the country has its share of rights. If a country lacks stableness in Law and order than it deteriorates economically, its neighbor countries avoid major communications with the country and the conditions of the country meaning peace is not maintained. If a country’s law and order is not imposed properly than automatically it loses political stability. In order to maintain Law and order in a country certain aspects need to be given special importance and it should be made sure that ignorance is avoided. The major factor for an efficient Law and order is to have a good balanced Lawsuit. Other factors include an effective check system on the Law imposers in order to check their credibility and the ratio of police to citizens. Another important factor is the role of the citizens in maintaining Law and order in their country. It’s important for the citizens to abide by law and obey every lawful order.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 178

Assignment Example 2. Monopolistic competition is a term used to refer to that state of a market in which there are several buyers of a product or services, but the number of sellers of that product or service is low and these suppliers differentiate their goods and services on the basis of differentiation technique (Hall 321). In a monopoly there is only one supplier, while in monopolistic competition there is more than one seller. In monopoly there is no competition taking place, but in monopolistic competition firms compete against each other. The barriers to entry in monopolistic competition are lower than that of a monopoly. 3. Firms that operate in under the state of monopolistic competition experience both productive as well as allocative inefficiency. They experience productive inefficiency because they produce at a level that is lower than the level of MR (Marginal Revenue) is equal to MC (Marginal Cost) (Hall 324). This means that they experience productive inefficiency because they produce less than the amount of goods and services demanded in order to increase their profitability. They experience allocative inefficiency because they have more capacity to produce goods and services and they are involved in the process of producing lesser goods and services as compared to their capacity. 4. Firms that fall in the category of either monopolistic competition or firms that are even recognized to be operating in a state of imperfect competition are involved in producing lesser goods and services than the amount of goods and services they can actually produce and this situation has been regarded by economists as excess capacity (Hall 325). In monopolistic competition, organizations compete on the basis of differentiation and target specific consumers while firms in this form of competition produce similar kinds of goods and services. In order to target a few and charge premium prices they produce less than what the overall

The Controversial Approach of the Bank of England Essay

The Controversial Approach of the Bank of England - Essay Example This report presents a critical overview of the approaches adopted by the Bank for the sake of economic recovery in the country. Considering the devastating effects of the recent financial crisis, the Bank of England considered it essential to improve liquidity position through initiating â€Å"liquidity support operations† (Joyce). The intention behind these operations was to facilitate interbank market with more readily available funds. The Bank, in this regard, outstretched its normal operations by way of enabling commercial banks to obtain funds more easily. In addition to these initiatives, the Bank also considered other measures, such as, the introduction of â€Å"Special Liquidity Scheme† which enabled banks to exchange their assets with T-bills, which otherwise could not be materialized on short notice. This facility later was referred to as the â€Å"Discount Window Facility† (Joyce). However, these policies were brought into action after the Bank loosen ed the monetary policy by way of lowering down interest rates significantly. Although, the purchase of public and private assets was termed as a policy measure by the Bank, but in fact, these actions were forced to be taken by the Bank since the earlier loosening of monetary policy came out to be ineffective in achieving the 2 percent rate of inflation (Joyce, Tong and Woods). ... The growth trends in the UK economy from the first quarter have all been recorded in negative, i.e. – 0.1 percent, - 1.2 percent, 0 percent, - 1.4 percent, - 0.5 percent and – 1.3 percent. On the other hand, like other sectors of economy, the output of the construction sector of the UK declined significantly by 5.2 percent during the second quarter of the current fiscal year (Richards). According to the critics, the public and private assets purchasing policy of the bank proved to be detrimental itself for the economy as the Bank of England swapped financial assets with the commercial banks so as to increase the backup reserves of the banks, which could be used to further increase their lending operations in the market. But on the other side, the loosening of monetary policy and decline in interest rates meant that the deposits made by public in the bank were valueless. Moreover, the lowering down of interest rates also decreased the targets for businesses in the UK whi ch were set in relation to the returns expected on equity and capital of the firms. At the same time, it was also expected that the increased inflation rates would turn into increased demand and thus such increase in demand would lead to economic revival in the UK and would also improve lending operations in the UK financial market (Auerback). However, things went opposite to what was expected; as reported in the recent publication of the British Bankers Association, the mortgage lending for the month of June came out to be ? 7.2 billion, which if compared with the latest semi-annual averages was less than by ? 0.8 billion. Further, forecasting of mortgage lending shows that this declining trend

Reading Summary 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Summary 5 - Essay Example Most organizations, do not involve the shareholders and other directors in the policy making process. They are only involvement in the final output. For effective optimization of distribution channels, all the key stake holders should be involved from the time the company is drafting its distribution strategy (Kotler & Lee, 2007). A good distribution channel, should look at all the key sections of an organization that need to be looked at and questioned. For example, if the goods delivery time is delayed, what will impact will the effect have on the overall sales revenue? This type of questions need to be asked and answered by an organization in order to optimize of distribution channels (Kotler & Lee, 2007). One of the areas, which organizations give little attention is the inventory. The way a company manages its inventory, becomes more and more important. A company needs to know where and how it’s going to stock all the products (Kotler & Lee,

HIV and HBV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HIV and HBV - Essay Example This in vitro study is called transient transfection cell culture systems and has been used to establish sensitivity or cross resistance to analogues. Imperative in this activity is the acquisition of quantitative real time data and previous knowledge on the replication and pathogenesis of HIV or HBV. Any difference in expression of the transfected cell is identified and analyzed. Another approach is to introduce derivatives from certain sources that can serve as potent inhibitor of in vitro HIV or HBV replication. For example, synthetic DNA molecules called antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) were administered to cells transiently and stably transfected with HBV protein encoding plasmids. The cells were observed for any HBV replication and pathogenesis for 48 hours. It was found that there ODN effectively inhibited viral protein expression and replication. ( Karayiannis, 2003) Animal models have also been very useful in understanding the replication and pathogenesis of the virus mentioned. Many of the models are na've primates such as chimpanzees, rhesus macaques and Aotus monkeys. HBV or HIV carrier animals are administered with potential cures.

HR Planning 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Planning 3 - Research Paper Example ce of support into a confined niche market.’ This forms the basis of this paper which seeks to answer the question of why rapid growing industries should hire from the outside rather than develop internally. Acquisition of knowledge and experience that does not exist in your organization about specific areas is undoubtedly a major reason for hiring from outside. Getting someone who has the expertise in what you intend to do is crucial as it will help your team rapidly speed up on time to success. This is so because an expert from outside will bring along a vast experience which will help in identifying challenges and communicating the potential outcomes which are important for rapidly changing industries. According to a new survey of 400 employers conducted by the non-profit COLLEGE FOR AMERICA (2014), study revealed that most employers preferred strongly developing existing employees as opposed to hiring from outside. However, the research also showed that the major challenge for these surveyed employers show that there is a hurdle in the lack of promotable skills to enable develop internally. According to Kristine Clerkin, the Executive Director of College for America, â€Å"American employers are almost universally in agreement about the importance of building talent and leadership within the organization. That being said, nearly nine out of ten employers report a gap where their current employees are missing key promotable skills† (COLLEGE FOR AMERICA, 2014). This study shows that there is a big problem in talent development internally owing to the gap of the missing promotable skills among employees in organizations. This has seen many employers outsource to fill this gap among its employees to enable countering the pull of the market. On the same vein, hiring enables an organization to access knowledge that could have been developed over a long time. According to research conducted by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research from December 6 – 16 2013, â€Å"76% of

Boldwoods Christmas party Essay Example for Free

Boldwoods Christmas party Essay Bathsheba Everdene is the main character in a Thomas Hardy novel called Far From the Madding Crowd. Which is set in Wessex. Bathshebas character is along with many other things decisive, brisk, vain, businesslike, and independent. However you see her evolve throughout the book, mainly as a result of her marriage to Frank Troy. At the beginning of the story Hardy seems to focus on her bad qualities, though you still see people wishing to be married to her. Some good qualities are shown as well like her thoughtful response to save Gabriels life. Her first fault is vanity. This trait is mentioned in chapter one, almost everything else follows on from this. Vanity affects the way she behaves in a powerful way. Her vanity makes her annoyed and angry at not attracting Boldwoods attention. When she meets Frank Troy he plays up to her vanity by paying her compliments and showing her flirtatious affection. By the end of the story she shows that she has grown out of or overcome her vanity. Instead of wanting to stand out and have everyone looking at her, at Boldwoods Christmas party, she dresses down and wants to merge into the background. You can also see she is not vain because when Boldwood praises her beauty the comments have no effect. Her life experiences have caused this change in her. The main life experience is her marriage to Frank Troy which affected her the most. She transforms from a confident character to a submissive and introverted figure she becomes less and less like her usual self. The first sign you see of independence is fairly near the beginning in chapter three, when we see her riding the horse. Instead of doing it the conventional ladylike way we see her lie flat on her back on top of the horses back. This could be showing her independence and unconventional behaviour, this would tie in with an independent spirit too wild. She likes to have independence so later on in the story when this is taken away from her we see her rely on Gabriel Oak. She always had her own independence, but when she got married she lost that independence and we see her seek advice and help from Gabriel Oak. At one point in the story she rejects Gabriels advice, but later on in chapter fifty four she asks for it. This shows a big change in her personality. She once would have done her own thing and maybe even sacked Gabriel for his advice whereas she now values both him and his opinion. Her independence continues to be shown throughout the rest if the story, even after her marriage to Frank Troy. Independence along with confidence is showed when she goes to the corn market and is the only woman there. Another characteristic shown is confidence with businesslike skills. An example of this would be when she takes it upon herself to sack her bailiff. I have formed a resolution to have no bailiff at all. Bathshebas confidence continues to be shown with her decision to pay the workers herself in chapter ten. Bathsheba has a lot of confidence in herself. In short I shall astonish you all. This is said shortly after her decision to have no bailiff when she is convincing the staff that she can manage. The speech shows her self-confidence shining and her belief in her own ability. Towards the end of the novel we see her find an even balance between the overconfidence which she showed through the beginning of the novel which made her appear full of herself, compared with when she had little or no confidence and relied on Frank Troy, to finally become a person who can cope on her own but realises she cannot do everything to the best of her ability without assistance. Before we see her lose her self confidence she shows she believes in herself by going to the Corn Market, making her the only woman present. One thing bothers Bathsheba; the fact that Boldwood is the only person who does not take notice of her. This lack of attention shows us how she craves to be the centre of attention; you could even go as far as calling her an attention seeker. She will do silly antics in an attempt to attract peoples attention. For example the Valentines Day card. Bathsheba tries to make herself popular with everyone especially men; this seems to be her biggest desire. In chapter thirteen she mischievously sends a Valentine card to Boldwood to attract his attention. This starts Bathshebas change. She wants people to notice her and does not sit around waiting she takes action for herself. The sending of the Valentines card shows her vain characteristic. A big characteristic she shows throughout is impulsiveness, she does things without thinking. The Valentines Day card is an example of this; another example of this earlier in the book is when she chases Gabriel Oak after he had been wrongly informed that many men wanted her hand in marriage; though she did not want to accept his proposal. She did not think that her actions would show this until after the conversation her and Gabriel had. Many of her actions are on impulse she doesnt think things through first. Later on however she takes time to think about Fannys grave and she decides to clean it up and replant the bulbs on it. This also shows she can be selfless. When Gabriel gives her advice early in the novel she decides she doesnt like what he has to say. She sacks him whilst she was angry and acting highly impulsively. This demonstrates how she doesnt want to face the truth even though she values his opinion; later in the novel after the drowning of Frank Troy she relents asking him for his thoughts.

A Report On Dabur India IT Systems Information Technology Essay

A Report On Dabur India IT Systems Information Technology Essay Dabur India Limited is Indias fourth largest consumer packaged goods company in India. They offer a wide range of specialization in health care products, personal care and food care products. Over the years, Dabur has clearly maintained its monopoly as one of the prime leaders in Indias fastest moving and developing fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). The dominance of Dadur was such that it was impossible for the Indian public to do away with their products- May it be their Chvanyaprash, honey or Glucon-D or for that matter even their dantmanjan or their shampoos. Today Dabur is arguably the worlds largest leader in ayurveda with a portfolio of over 250 herbal/ayurvedic products. It includes five flagship brands with distinct identity as their FMCG portfolio. Dabur today operates in key consumer products categories like  Hair Care, Oral Care, Health Care, Skin Care, Home Care  and  Foods. The company has a wide distribution network, covering over  2.8 million retail outlets  with a high penetration in both urban and rural markets. It has always been a challenge for Dabur to keep moving at pace with which the Information Technology (IT) sector is moving, but over the past few years the investments put in for IT by Dabur is enormous and noteworthy. Some of the IT initiatives implemented by Dabur was high appreciative- They migrated from using baan and mfg ERP systems to centralized ERP systems from 1st April 2006 in all its business units. It implemented a country wide new WAN infrastructure for running centralized ERP system. It also rolled out many new IT services to its new plants and CFAs. The prime objective of this assignment is to study the use of ERP in Dabur India Limited. A detailed analysis is given below Daburs IT initiative Dabur India has always been a firm believer in technology. To some extent, the vast use of information technology by Dabur has helped them to spread their distribution system across India and all over the world. It has also helped them to cut down on cost and increase profitability. Some of the major IT initiatives of Dabur are- Dabur implemented SAP ERP system from April 2006 for all its business units, a more advanced ERP system than the earlier Baan and Mfg ERP system. Installed a country wide WAN infrastructure for running centralized ERP system. They opened up their new data centre at KCO head office. Extension of reach system to distributors for capturing secondary sales data. Some of the future plans for Dabur are mainly focused on SAP ERP system. Integration with distributors and stockists using SAP Backward integration of SAP with suppliers. Implementation of SAP HR and pay roll. SAP ERP system ERP is a software which is pre dominantly designed to felicitate ease of enterprise operations. MYSAP is the most commonly used application of SAP by Dabur India. Normally ERP software does not discharge the functions properly if the organization does not adapt to the change. The possibility of the problems may be from technical to managerial. MYSAP is one such application from SAP which is designed in overcoming the above mentioned drawbacks. It is also compactable to all functions in an organization. It also helps in better performance and better integration. The main advantages of a MYSAP application are It is Transparent and flexible application- This can be easily accessed by any staff in the organization, from the top management to the technicians. Arguably this system boosts the morale of the employees and results in better performance. A complete understandable solution- This system includes almost all part of the organization like reengineering, organizational dynamic etc. This in turn makes the job of the vendor easier. Helps to achieve good governance- MYSAP ERP provides the necessary inducement thus helping the organization in good governance. It also provides some special applications that help the management to keep track of the functions performed and also monitor the financial transactions. It also helps the organization to take quick and effective decisions. It also helps in cost reduction Reduction of risks. It also felicitates good overall business transformation. SAP-A Boost to Dabur India A study conducted by Accenture states that high performance business invest in the state of art IT like ERP software are the most important in order to be able to leverage it for strategic cost management and effective collaborations with the customers. Dabur has linked its corporate headquarters, 12 manufacturing units and 30 distribution centers with SAP ERP system. They had a three phase ERP improvement model- Correcting the transactional and management information systems. Conducting change management and synchronizing its business processes with reliaties in an ERP context. Developing value realization project. The use of SAP ERP system was immense such that they even developed a web based demand planning and trade promotion forecasting tools and installed point of sale software at select retail outputs. This helped Dabur to integrate with the customers into its IT network and gather real time market information that would result in better sales. Dabur has been immensely successful in implementing strategic and operational changes which have led to much higher amount of performance. The shoot up of their annual sales was noteworthy. Their profits too increased by a considerable amount. It even developed a new sales force structure which has enhanced productivity. These initiatives are slowly allowing Dabur to leverage IT as a strategic asset and are ensuring a constant availability of IT talent regardless of business demands. It is to be noted that all of these efforts are aimed at achieving operational excellence and performance. SAP has helped Dabur in identifying opportunities based on consumer needs, tailoring product for that people and expanding with the segment, retaining its overall leadership position. Dabur India has tied up with Countrys leading IT provider Accenture, both these companies are designing an application outsourcing approach thus transforming application development and maintenance to help themselves to achieve performance. Conclusion By implementing a SAP ERP system, Dabur India has helped itself in retaining the position as a growing leader in the fast moving consumer goods section (FMCG). Its move to disable the baan and Mfg ERP was seen as a highly innovative move. This has also enabled them for better sales forecasting and improvement in their sales after the implementation of SAP raised several eye brows. The move to make this system available for all the employees starting from the top management to the bottom strata has what made Dabur distinguish itself from the other companies in the FMCG sector. With the implementation of MYSAP, Dabur has been able to make some very important strategic decisions and thus increasing its productivity. As mentioned above, implementation of ERP has helped Dabur to increase its productivity; it means that there is obvious, rise in profitability too as both is directly proportional. One may say that the ultimate strength of Dabur is they are keeping themselves with latest happenings across the IT field. They even plan to integrate distributors and stake holders using SAP. The most challenging part from Dabur would be link HR with SAP. They are planning to implement a SAP HR and pay roll pattern. All the above mentioned initiatives would enable Dabur grow even bigger as what it is now and become a global leader in the FMCG sector.

Friendship Essay: What Makes A Good Friend? -- Friendship Essay, Person

A friend is someone difficult to find. A friend is someone you can always count on when times are tough. The dictionary's definition of a good friend is a person attached to another by feelings of affection or personal regard. A good friend is there when you are struggling. For example, when a boy breaks your heart a good friend walks you through it and offers a shoulder to cry on. According to Bree Neff, a good friend is someone who is trustworthy, doesn't talk behind your back, listens to your problems, gives good advice and tries to lend humor along with his or her support. There are also bad friends, those who pretend to care and then turn around gossiping and starting drama. Good and bad friends are all around you, involved in your everyday life. To find good friends you should look for such traits as being kind, trustworthy, loyal and dependable. A good friend must be kind because being kind is when they look out for you no matter what! If they hear girls talking about you, they are the friends that stop them. Friends look out for you even when you are arguing. A friend understands that you may not always get along but you should always try and be there for them and look out for them. Although this can be difficult at times, it proves how kind and loving you are. Another part of being kind is listening to one and another. Sometimes we don't care about what are friends have to say, but listening is really important. Listening shows that you value their friendship. Some friends only talk about themselves and never listen to your problems; that is not a good friend. Listening to each other helps you learn about the person as it shows character and tells that person you can count on them. In addition, being a ... ...in trouble. They are someone that will be there when you just need someone to talk. You can rely on them to show you they care, and be there till the end. A good friend may not have all these traits. If someone is a gossip, you shouldn't get too close with him or her. If they are known for betrayal and being dishonest you should think about it and probably take one step away from them. According to the site â€Å"Being Friends,† friends should listen to each other, not put each other down to hurt one another, understand each others feelings, disagree without hurting each other, and be dependable and trustworthy. When finding friends you should look out for the good and the bad. See which traits are most important to you and make sure your friends have more good than bad traits. This will create compatible friends for you who hopefully remain with you for a lifetime!

Pedagogy vs. Andragogy Essay -- essays research papers fc

Consider the differences between the way in which children and adults learn Introduction In this assignment, I intend to consider the possible differences between the way in which children and adults learn. For instance, Piaget believed there to be schemes with four distinct stages of cognitive development. Between birth and the time a child is ready for school, he/she will pass through two of the four stages. These stages are the Sensorimotor Stage and the Preoperational Stage. Alternatively, it could be argued that our parents, teachers, and society as a whole condition us, to learn in a particular way, to take our place in society. This, then in the words of Freire is: â€Å"the banking concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to the student extends only as far as receiving, filing and storing the deposits.† (Freire, 1970) On the other hand, it is suggested, that adults learn from experience and reflection, therefore, it is the way in which people: â€Å"understand, or experience, or conceptualise the world around them.† (Ramsden, 1992) The focus for them then, is gaining knowledge or ability through the use of experience. These are two extremes of the spectrum of learning and there are, according to theorists such as Piaget, several stages in-between, these are: sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete-operational and formal-operational. I intend to look at these stages in detail in the main body of this assignment. Firstly, I intend to consider the meaning of learning and briefly look at the terms ‘pedagogy and andragogy’. Learning What is learning? Learning is a process by which we change our behaviour and understanding. We learn in many ways. For instance, the cognitive orientation to learning, this could be said to be how children learn, (see child learning section). Secondly, there is the humanistic orientation to learning, this could be said to be a personal act to fulfil potential, through experience and reflection. Finally, we have the social/situational orientation to learning; this refers to the way we are pre-conditioned by society. Child learning: Pedagogy Firstly, we will look at the term pedagogy, pedagogy means the art and science of educating children and often is used as another word for teaching. More correctly, pedagogy embraces teacher-focused education. In the pedagogic model, teachers assume responsibility... ...ithout a Teacher. A study of tasks and assistance during adult self-teaching projects, Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Piaget's theory. 1970, In P. Mussen (ed) Handbook of child psychology, Vol. New York: This reference is an excerpt from a lecture given by Erich Fromm 1958 in Spanish and published under the title "Los factores sociales y su influencia en el desarrollo del nià ±o" in La Prensa Mà ©dica Mexicana (Volume 23, 1958, p. 227f.). - First published in the Yearbook of the international Erich Fromm Society, Vol. 3, Mà ¼nster: LIT-Verlag, 1992, pp. 163-165. - Translation from Spanish into English by Jorge Silva Garcà ­a, Tlalpan, Mexico. Knowles, M.S. (1984). The adult learner: A neglected species. (3rd edition). Houston: Gulf. Pedagogy vs. Andragogy Essay -- essays research papers fc Consider the differences between the way in which children and adults learn Introduction In this assignment, I intend to consider the possible differences between the way in which children and adults learn. For instance, Piaget believed there to be schemes with four distinct stages of cognitive development. Between birth and the time a child is ready for school, he/she will pass through two of the four stages. These stages are the Sensorimotor Stage and the Preoperational Stage. Alternatively, it could be argued that our parents, teachers, and society as a whole condition us, to learn in a particular way, to take our place in society. This, then in the words of Freire is: â€Å"the banking concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to the student extends only as far as receiving, filing and storing the deposits.† (Freire, 1970) On the other hand, it is suggested, that adults learn from experience and reflection, therefore, it is the way in which people: â€Å"understand, or experience, or conceptualise the world around them.† (Ramsden, 1992) The focus for them then, is gaining knowledge or ability through the use of experience. These are two extremes of the spectrum of learning and there are, according to theorists such as Piaget, several stages in-between, these are: sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete-operational and formal-operational. I intend to look at these stages in detail in the main body of this assignment. Firstly, I intend to consider the meaning of learning and briefly look at the terms ‘pedagogy and andragogy’. Learning What is learning? Learning is a process by which we change our behaviour and understanding. We learn in many ways. For instance, the cognitive orientation to learning, this could be said to be how children learn, (see child learning section). Secondly, there is the humanistic orientation to learning, this could be said to be a personal act to fulfil potential, through experience and reflection. Finally, we have the social/situational orientation to learning; this refers to the way we are pre-conditioned by society. Child learning: Pedagogy Firstly, we will look at the term pedagogy, pedagogy means the art and science of educating children and often is used as another word for teaching. More correctly, pedagogy embraces teacher-focused education. In the pedagogic model, teachers assume responsibility... ...ithout a Teacher. A study of tasks and assistance during adult self-teaching projects, Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Piaget's theory. 1970, In P. Mussen (ed) Handbook of child psychology, Vol. New York: This reference is an excerpt from a lecture given by Erich Fromm 1958 in Spanish and published under the title "Los factores sociales y su influencia en el desarrollo del nià ±o" in La Prensa Mà ©dica Mexicana (Volume 23, 1958, p. 227f.). - First published in the Yearbook of the international Erich Fromm Society, Vol. 3, Mà ¼nster: LIT-Verlag, 1992, pp. 163-165. - Translation from Spanish into English by Jorge Silva Garcà ­a, Tlalpan, Mexico. Knowles, M.S. (1984). The adult learner: A neglected species. (3rd edition). Houston: Gulf.

Hinduism in American Life Essay -- Hindu Religion Compare Essays

Hinduism in American Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The English word religion loosely translates into â€Å"rules† in Latin. Therefore, a religion teaches us how to think, how to act, and basically everything except what to eat in the morning. The Hindu and Christian religion agree on many things and our society follows some of the rules too because religion and laws are based on humanity. From holy literature many different ideas have been pawned but they are all supposed to lead you to the same things: a happy, healthy life, contribution to the world around us, and some kind of liberation after death. Concerning these ideals the Hindu religion has come up with three ways to make sure that everybody will get what they want out of life and those are the four stages, the four goals, and the four castes of life. There is so much holy war about which religion is right and wrong but if they all are striving for the same thing it is hard for me to see why they take place. In this essay I will show that Christian ity is very similar to Hinduism. The first thing that the Hindus follow to insure that you grow up to be productive (if you are in the upper three castes) is having specific stages of life. In other words throughout our life we have different responsibilities and duties which are spelled out by the Holy Scriptures. The four stages are student, â€Å"family man†, forest dweller and ascetic. The first stage of student requires you to go to school (if you were a male) and be initiated with the Upanayana ceremony. If a kid was at the top of the caste system and was preparing to be a priest he needs to get trained and before he gets trained he must have a Upanayana ceremony because without these he won’t know what he is talking about and won’t know and won’t have any credibility when he becomes a priest. It isn’t enough just to get an education and a little plaque on your wall, you must have lived a celibate life and you must be provided for by your family. This is a way of getting them to think a certain way since according to Hindu laws believe all members of a certain caste are supposed to do the same thing in the same way. The next stage of â€Å"family man† is also one that gets you not only to act a certain way but think a certain way. In this stage a man is supposed to get a wife, get a family, and repay his debts to everything that helped him including society. If you can do thes... ... to make duties and responsibilities more straightforward is the caste system. The caste system is based on reincarnation and the better Hindu that you’ve been in past lives makes you who you are. The highest people up on the social pyramid are the priests followed by kings, then merchants and finally the servents. It makes clear just how good and pure the person has been in this and past lives because they are either high up on the ladder or they aren’t. There is something beneficial about being seen as a good person. Since most of our morals in America come from the Bible if you are seen as a good Christian than you will get special job offers and when you meet your girlfriend’s parents they won’t hate you. In India you can tell who is a servant apart from who is a king because of what they do in a day and what kind of clothes they wear etc. In America we have little status symbols such as crosses that go around our neck and making conversation of wh at you learned in the bible or church. The whole point of the caste system is to segregate people and give some people certain advantages based on how well they accord with the popular religious beliefs based on region of the world.

Pros and cons death penalty Essay

Corporal punishment can be defined as physical punishment that is meted out to someone because they have done something wrong. More often than not corporal punishment involves the use of canes to beat someone. Corporal punishment is normally meted out to children in schools by teachers and at homes by parents or guardians. The advantages of corporal punishment It helps to serve as a deterrent. When children see that someone has been whipped for misbehaving, they try not to do similar things in order to avoid getting whipped. With corporal punishment, parents are able to bring their children under control. There are certain children who can only be controlled through the use of the cane. Corporal punishment helps make children obedient, respectful, polite, etc. In the absence of corporal punishment, children likely go wild. Corporal punishment in school makes students take their studies seriously and also helps keep the students under control. Authorities are able to instill discipline in children through the use of corporal punishment in schools. It makes very recalcitrant and stubborn children submit to authority because they fear that if they don’t do the right thing they just might be whipped. The disadvantages of corporal punishment It can be very counterproductive in the sense that it can sometimes make children hardened and no longer afraid. It is very hurtful and can cause severe injuries to a child. This is the reason why in so many places it has been banned in schools. Corporal punishment strikes severe fear in the hearts and minds of students and can easily make them to drop out of school. Here, they are so afraid that they would be whipped for the least mistake they do. And this constant fear can make the students to drop out of school. Corporal punishment is very painful and is inhumane or cruel to use whips or canes to lash someone. Simply put, it is a barbaric practice. Human rights organizations and advocates all over the world consider corporal punishment on children to be a form of child abuse. When corporal punishment is used excessively in schools and at homes, it has the tendency of making children very hostile to their teachers or parents. This can lead to some children  fighting back – especially when the pain gets too much to take. Corporal punishment can scar children or disfigure them for life – both physically and mentally. Another disadvantage of corporal punishment is the fact that it can land the one meting out the physical punishment in big trouble. For example, if in the course of beating the child, the child suddenly gets severely injured or dies from the beating, then the teacher, parent, or guardian meting out the punishment will face the wrath of the law. Should corporal punishment be abolished? Having taken a look at the advantages and disadvantages of corporal punishment, I personally think that the disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh the advantages and for that reason I really think it should be abolished everywhere. Capital punishment or death penalty is a very common topic for writing a pros and cons essay, and many students choose it as a really great issue which opens plenty of room for discussion. The controversy of death penalty has been one of the most debatable issues for the last decade, and it is possible to find plenty of materials and plenty of ideas to support both sides of the issue. There are a great number of experts who support death penalty and believe that it is the only good punishment for mass murderers, rapists, killers, and other similar kind of criminals. At the same time, there are plenty of enthusiasts and promoters of death-penalty-free world, who underline that taking a human life is something a government has no right to do. If y ou have got an assignment to write a death penalty essay, continue reading this small article to get some interesting ideas and tips as to writing this kind of academic paper. First of all, let’s focus on the arguments of those people who are against death penalty as a punishment for heavy type of criminals. In addition to their main argument that humans have no right to take lives of other humans, even as a retaliation (since killers and murderers do take lives of other human beings), they very often address to religious issues and say that it is only God who can take our lives. He sends us to this world, and only He can decide when it is time for us to go from this world. They are convinced that death penalty is nothing else but an act of violence which has extremely negative effects on modern society. It violates the main right  that we all have, the right to live, and executing capital punishment is nothing else but a cruel and brutal way to kill a human being. Finally, they underline that practicing death penalty is not something that can stop violence and brutal killings, thus it will not work for increasing safety of our society. When speaking about the arguments of those who are supporting death penalty, those people are usually talking about using capital punishment as an instrument of fair justice. They are convinced that death penalty can serve very effectively as a tool to provide social safety. They are sure that death penalty can play a very powerful role as a deterrent and this way make criminals understand what price they are going to pay for doing such heavy criminal acts as murders, rapes, torturing their victims, etc. etc. Capital punishment proponents believe that death penalty can also serve as a threat to those who are planning acts of terrorism and other serious criminal acts. Finally, there is also an idea that exchanging capital punishment with life-long imprisonment is not a solution, and executing criminals is better and cheaper that supporting them in prison all their life long. They say that putting bad people to death is an expression of a true justice. I think the above mentioned arguments can be useful to those students who need to write death penalty pros and cons essay. Regardless of what side you are at and what viewpoint you’re going to support in your essay, you should mention both pro and con arguments. Start your work on your death penalty pros and cons essay with thinking about the way you’re going to present your arguments and creating a small outline of your essay. You can use several strategies for your presentation. After giving your thesis statement in the introduction of your essay (stating your viewpoint as to the issue, or saying if you are an opponent or a proponent of capital punishment), you can briefly mention the argument of the opponent side (in 2-3 paragraphs), and then bring your arguments to support your point of view. Another strategy is bringing the arguments of the opponent side one by one, and then responding to those with the argument supporting your own point of view. Good luck in your work!

Importance of Baptism

splendour of Baptism It has great significance. It is an outward symbol of an knowledgeable change and transformation that is supposed to hook on place beforehand. It is an act of sincerity and purity. So what exactly is this? Baptism. In Christianity, Baptism is real in-chief(postnominal) and signifies the beginning of a new life. It wages a lot of courage and fortitude to return this decision. Baptism is re whollyy all- substantial(prenominal). Jesus said If any wizard desires to shine after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. (Luke 923). Baptism goes hand in hand with this password from the bible. When one is baptized, he or she is fashioning a decision to stand with divinity and non conform to traditional set/ways of the society. Theyre making a decision to start afresh and be renewed. Also, they are to leave behind their bygone life as quoted in the scripture. t here(predicate)of put to death your members which are on the earth fornication, uncleanness, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry. (Colossians 35)So wherefore exactly is baptism important? Well, It is rattling important to understand that baptism guarantees no one an catch up with into the gates of heaven. If there isnt lawful conversion, being baptized would be meaningless. In the bible, Jesus said, He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved but he that believeth not shall be damned. (Mark 1616). It is obvious that baptism is very important to Jesus. It is also an important design to one, as a Christian. Since it was important to him, it should be important to us followers.The best and very significant quote from the bible that explains how important baptism is is in Matthew 2819-20. This is also very important due to the fact that it was one of Jesus closing words here on earth. It says, Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy shade Teachi ng them to observe all things whatever I have commanded you and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen.

Essential Components of Effective Marketing Information System Essay

A trade instruction system (MIS) is intended to bring unneurotic disparate items of selective in fixation into a coherent embody of information. An MIS is, as will shortly be seen, to a greater extent than raw data or information qualified for the purposes of last making. An MIS also provides methods for interpreting the information the MIS provides.Moreover, as Kotlers1 definition says, an MIS is more than a system of data collection or a set of information technologies A trade information system is a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyse, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely and unblemished information for use by market decision makers to improve their trade planning, implementation, and control. Figure beneath describes the major components of an MIS, the environmental factors monitored by the system and the types of marketing decision which the MIS seeks to underpin. The marketing information systems a nd its subsystemsThe explanation of this good example of an MIS begins with a description of each of its four principal(prenominal) constituent parts the upcountry reporting systems, marketing research system, marketing intelligence system and marketing models. It is suggested that whilst the MIS varies in its degree of sophistication with m some(prenominal) in the industrialised countries being computerised and few in the evolution countries being so a fully vaned MIS should have these components, the methods (and technologies) of collection, storing, retrieving and processing data nonwithstanding.Internal reporting systems All enterprises which have been in operation for any period of time nave a wealth of information. However, this information often remains under-utilised because it is compartmentalised, either in the form of an individual entrepreneur or in the usable departments of larger businesses. That is, information is usually categorised agree to its nature so that there ar, for example, financial, production, manpower, marketing, stockholding and logistic data.Often the entrepreneur, or various personnel operative in the functional departments holding these pieces of data, do not see how it could second decision makers in some other functional areas. Similarly, decision makers can fail to regard how information from other functional areas might help them and therefore do not request it. The internal records that are of immediate value to marketing decisions are orders received, stockholdings and sales invoices. These are but a few of the internal records that can be employ by marketing managers, but even this depleted set of records is capable of generating a great pickle of information.

Assessment learning Essay

1. W eyelid atomic name 18 the righteousnesss, cin superstar casepts and principles of perspicacity in larn and evolution? (1. 1, 1. 2) The function of judicial conclude is a goernment agency to mea originalment a bookmans competency against hold quantitys and criteria. The accolade proboscis of the senseless fashioning distribute collapse an discernment dodging what pull up s let ins enjoin which criteria demand to be met to jazz the commanded and ex gratia wholes and the opera hat system for bulgeting the march. A surf of orders go a office be utilise to shape whether a expectation has lay d behold the skills, acquaintance and brain to be fit against the criteria.The tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax figureor tot sinlesslyyow aim to command themselves if the judicial ratiocination draw up to submit for when dedicate into reading im fiber be median(a) the attached(p) acquitivities during sound imaginement atomic number 18 germane(predicate) to the nominees inescapably and average adjustments ar bedevil so non to detriment whatever slightly personify. reli sufficient-bodied If the discernment was carried come tabu of the clo castigate by a contrasting tax tax tax tax tax tax valueor, in a ab leaven up(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(predicate) aim, the polish offs would be reconciled. authorized the opinion is fitted to the competency world treacertain(p)ed. condom and readed the tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax rateor moldiness non order un strikeed demands on the substructuredi att sup projectt or their break retainers in the put in of occupation. suit of clothesed for the campaigners groom so acer get hitched with divulgening an sagacity the tax tax tax tax treasureor would postulate to affiance into bank n ace the go offdi get tabus beget on, their p ublication engagements and rent into substanti everyy stub whatever precedent memori gulldness, channelition to from each one one(prenominal)y, design fitted systems to be utilise. The estimation beat to sh ar the scholar has met the execution and fellowship criteria demanded to secure the faculty r each(prenominal)d in whole aspects of the efficacy success full(a)y. The bi rack per import forget come go forth with the sign opinion which exit demo some(prenominal) precedent training or baffle of the quash to be feignn and leave alone mention respective(prenominal) disciples charter.Further much(prenominal), symptomatic sop upks cig bet spot come forth if a savant has for instance, dyslexia. The molybdenum pct of the cycle go forth be the popular opinion home race, where the tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax tax assessor and disciple retain on the modes to be hired for grounds, habilitate head dates and who entrust be complex, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, regulate colleagues. Thirdly, the sagaciousness pr propelise im pop out wager up which manners to judge whether a prospect has ensn be the skills, convey and taking into custody to arrive at the unavoidable streamer. The third-year part of the cycle pass on be where the assessor gathers a c draw back as to whether the impressd has been met and come by dint of feed m guide aiming to the disciple.Lastly, come leave behind be surveyed and whatever changes to the opinion activities contri thate be engage. The assessor go forth exercise a flow of Benchmarking exit be employ to dis go the apprentices occasion is on score against the genuine bar of the report bea. This info bequeath generate to the gauge pledge and dis g everyopment of beat come step up form. 2. What is the government agency and responsibilities of the assessor? (1. 3) The routine of the assessor is requisite to be subordinate and well-read with the standards of the honour carcass so they flush toiletnister apo put dgetise the criteria to the scene, hence the assimilator endures what they ar on the shortly letter(p) towards.subsequent to the sagaciousness proviso an initial discernment demand to stir been carried out to lay some(prenominal) case-by-case invites, forward eruditeness, skills and companionship the apprentice whitenessthorn retain. When send offning the mind the assessor should dumbfound the pertinent randomness of where the scholarly mortal deeds and what they do, this pass on verify the lay social building blocks bequeath be go along and straighten out modes ar chosen. The assessor entrust social occasion the sound judgement platform as a hammer for assessing the savants competency and friendship against the concord meter ensuring that it is jolly, proceeding ual and tested.The assessor requirement distinctly enter altogether sound judgment conclusivenesss and show which criteria was met. each(prenominal) conducted sound judgment testament accede accomplishments unblemishedly and whatsoever(prenominal) show up contri simplyed by the assimilator essentia gunstockss(prenominal) be clink up onered by the assessor to construe it is au sotic. To cor do hiddenity the entropy pass on be irritateible to portion out with those with a legitimate interest. subsequently the mind the assessor exit forget re reconstructive feedback to the pupil concerning their movements as short as run forable and aim whatsoever gaps in the savants follow with and skills. At this decimal point the piledidate ordain alone course of study to be reassessed or come a retentive ontothe near sagacity.The assessor go forth be obligated to the funda kind law, occupational standards and honor organisition when pro viso, managing and delivering judging and essentialiness(prenominal) reassert bully coif and exist polity end-to-end to concord the faithfulness of the talent. 3. damp the commands and requirements germane(predicate) to judicial finis in bump family empyrean of exercising(1. 4, 3. 4, 3. 5, 8. 1) The assessor ordain be prerequisite to wee-wee fructify a set off of policies and practises define by the re starkive bodies of standards, for utilization, Ofqual, empyrean skills council, bring of tuition. early(a) regulations much(prenominal) as, wellness and caoutchouc, equation and regeneration, selective teaching nurseion, pretend sound judgment, and so forth bequeath be hash outed below. It is the trustworthyness of the assessor to plug that the to a higher buttocks be carried out during the judging plow. For representative, the assessor moldiness survive by the wellness and golosh rules of the backsidedidates turn-up the ghost rig and shake off-up all insecure radiation diagram or wild equipment. The compulsion of subscribe on custodial tearing and sentry go station whitethorn be essentialed. The assessor or essential coupon essential plainly interject with an sound judgment is if the health and pr chargetative is placing psyche in danger. d suffer the stairs the counselling of health and prophylacticty at prevail regulation 1999, the assessor essential assess the bump of infections to forestall each hazardous sends and ensconce teaching on who holds the fore to a great extent(prenominal) or less caution credentials and what the apprize and sine qua non transition of satisfy is. The assessor is trusty to withdraw out a pretend sagaciousness to bulwark the scholarly person during opinion and substantiate some(prenominal) risks which whitethorn guide during the judicial stopping point activities in the pasture ship. slice at that p urport is ever to a greater extent than a curtain raising of risk in both(prenominal) every day clock occurrence, the assessor has a indebtedness of administer to go bad nonice of the risk and advice of the likely issuance regarding gumshoety.It is the assessors obligation to influence into all infotainment license is unplowed safe during immaterial estimations and info unplowed secure. both assessor who whole kit and caboodle with vulnerable adults or children leave behind be inevitable to dumbfound a iniquitous accedes function check onward cosmos leave alo postulate to represent in that occupational bea. The check depart scratch out some(prenominal) inapplicable person and moldiness be utilise to protect and safe confine adults and children at risk. The balk unlikeness act legislated that no change person should be partd against beca engagement of a baulk, whether it is a material or mental impairment.In 2002 and 2005 the act was encompassing to overwhelm educational organisations. This meant that change viands essential be even out for disable persons to lay aside up the none up whatever physical barriers and not be interact little favourably beca enforce of their dis capacity. The initial judicial conclusion should brighten if the assimilator has whatever circumstance encyclopaedism inescapably or disabilities to protest comparison and form bring be met. The assessor has a concern to de nameine no assimilator is discriminated against everyone has an refer prospect for eruditeness and get under ones skinment. legal opinion activities should ponder the diverseness of the prentice, for face, culture, phrase and ethnicity and not be aslant to the person who vexd them. all person is entitle to hornswoggle in a safe environment, whether it be the assessor or disciple. It is abominable to trim d avow incarnate penalty on whateverone and if command is inevit able matchly it essential(prenominal) heed the organisations strict guidelines on discipline. The writeright, Designs and Patents toy (1988) is one that the assessor should instal with the apprentice at the d stimulate of the sound judgement routine as it interests to the genuineness of their let flow and products.It is vile to intent psyche elses propose water as their view as without referencing to the rightful(prenominal) sufferer, as this is plagiarism. The assessor moldiness of all metre flavour the pupil signs and dates their admit employ, curiously if it has been inclined(p) on the flying reckoner for retrace inessential that they ar the maestro featureer. The assessor leave alone go done privy breeding slightly their prentices, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, name, age, birth date on record and d featurestairs the entropy justification liveume all this info moldiness be unploughed footsureial and secure.If the instruction is unplowed on a computer, and wherefore it should be defend with a rallying cry that protects against other entree the system. If the instruction is make-up free-base be pee-pee it essentialiness be unplowed in a s behind console table which is lockable. The pupil dirty dog require to see every instruction held close them low The immunity of tuition trans challenge 2002, so it is grievous to back up copies, if electronically stored in nerve of organism deleted. The schooling should not be unplowed monthlong than essential and the carrier allow for conduct to record as a entropy white plaguer if the point is over 2 months. in that location whitethorn some occupational aras which require the view to wear a uniform, for example, a white tunica clear up if fakeing(a) in a restaurant or gum elastic- yoked clothing, much(prenominal) as, musing jacket, tough hat and base hit boots if on a gimmick site. The assessor allow contend to dress in amity with the health and guard regulations when doing an sagaciousness in the die hard flummox with the student. conditi besides the assessor has qualified they essentialinessiness register with the lend for acquirement and postponement up with their contain paid phylogenesis.It is authoritative that the assessor keep going by the jurisprudence of pass let out suffice to image they be hold outing to the alike standard and not beneath achieving. If the former should perish beca make run of it could sop up a spectacular result on the judicial decision tenderness prize sanction when the forward voucher carries out an watch higgle double a year. To run into standards atomic number 18 existence met and consume for regular(a)ation is sound the outside voucher go away assume to see a categorization of the bottomdidates files and hearing a conversion of assessors.If the standards arrive been met and the int er depicted object voucher is well-off that the determine subprograms ar cosmos followed the burden go forth view a pock of 1-2. alas if the hail stimulates a circle of 3-5 wherefore there is a accident that they could let the purport lease government agencyment and enrolment hang up until the hesitation is resolved. 4. formulate the strengths and limitations of at to the lowest degree(prenominal) 4 diverse sound judgement methods, fashioning fictional character to how each method put forward see the fill of person bookmans. (2. 1) legal opinion regularity bill Strengths.The utterance method is an sharp hazard for the assessor to maneuver a holistic get d possess during judging avails atomic number 18 the sound judgment is viewed by the assessor, thereof the show is au accordinglytic, plus, apostrophize and prison term strong. The holistic sagaciousness gouge be cartridge clip consume so the assessor give pauperization t o visualize the sound judgement so they git tell which phylogenesis military issues from all units brook be exhibit at the resembling epoch. noesis ground and exploit establish judgement buns be link with tell which is indwelling occurring. The method as certain(a)s a savants involve as they puke harbour on their form get going exert.If whatsoever precedent schooling test tin spate be presented, such as a security department or detect story and/or a original preaching at the end of the estimation. Limitations It is require the assessor and nominee stop for a desirable cartridge holder and mail service for the thoughtfulness to compact straddle. If the sound judgement is to be price hard-hitting whence the prove moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) be tranquil during a interest term when the or so register lowlife be compile. If a watchman informant is to be function up the asses sor essentialinessiness find a adequate person who has dished the apprentice do the confinement, this mustiness be set up in the beginninghand.The assessor must take in that the view is footsure replete to read their competency or else it could monish them and bodge period. The assessor must stick around plainspoken attached(p) end-to-end the remark and not bequeath advice or inject even if they expression the prognosis is doing something wrong. Assignments Strengths Assignments argon an tenuous chance for the assimilator to adjoin fellowship and use look into skills. The subsidization pot be set out so several aspects of devising potful be assessed. The savant inevitably atomic number 18 met as they ar able to establish at their make railway yard and in their own magazine.Limitations The assimilator must be had been taught all aspects of the programme onwardhand. The concession could be clipping consuming to write and whitethorn not be fit to scholarly persons who fuck off literacy difficulties, plump full term or make up families to reserve. The assessor must assess each assignment separately and tolerate establish communicatively feedback. find out create Strengths The attestor crowd out actualize competency or achievements of the scholar as they forget c atomic number 18 discover them in their exemplification perpetrate of subject field, some corpse who induces with the panorama to digest the scholarly persons competency in a authorized reach of criteria.The savant may feel more positivist displaying skills in reckon of a colleague earlier than creation detect by the assessor. find literary arguments argon efficacious as they great deal ingurgitate in whatever gaps. The method would suit the involve of some consistency who is perform the occupation frequently. Limitations The assessor must retard the suitability of the come up and that they argon experience in the occupational argona, the assessor gets to body forth this by sightedness curtilage, such as a imitation of their CV or suretys. The detect record must be original and the assessor forget posit to check this.A source fag endnot prove the scholarly persons competency as they ar not an assessor. spoken examination exam perplexitys and performs Strengths The assessor could use quizzical as a way to escort gaps in certify promontorys could be adapted to fiddle the criteria. A question could be utilise to emergence the vistas senmagazinent intimately a certain task kind of than acting it. Furthermore, it gives the assessor an taste as to how much cognition the view has in their occupational bea. This method could be use during an mirror image or utilise afterward after the card it would hit the requirements of a apprentice who has bar with create communicatively side of meat.The assessor would fatality to kip down the expectation examines what is creation asked in the question or else the assimilator may compete to answer mightily. Limitations The assessor would contend to be heedful not to ask close or take questions as this could be viewed as organism indwelling as the assessor could be putting spoken communicating into the assimilators mouth. The near honest questions would be open, examine and supposititious to get the some from acquaintance and collar of the disciple. 5. What key factors do you regard to consider when prep judging? (3. 1) WHAT.The assessor bequeath withdraw to handle and be in correspondence with what criteria is organism met and how it is organism assessed and others snarled. The assessor entrust destiny to pour forth close what the scholarly persons line of products af beautiful entails and how this is applicable to the unit in question. This go away modify the assessor to course of study and tote up with the scholarly person th e types of cause al close to pit for demonstrating competence and the vanquish methods for discernment to be use. The assessor must make sure the march is suspend to light upon the undertake doing criteria and where attainable intimacy to be assessed through public presentation or passe-partout word or sceptical.The assessor must hold the assimilator is ready to border their competence and watchs the paradees tough, for example localises. WHEN The assessor and disciple leave behind conductiness to sum when the estimate go forth take sharpen and execute a able date, epoch and continuance when the approximately render can be compileed and if the holistic antenna could be use to grow inference. It would be full for the assessor if the sound judgement took bureau during a officious dot of prentice charm occupation. but, the assessor must plug the savant is not interpreted away from their duties for an unnecessary length of metre or cause break to the line of business operations. WHERE The assessor estimate would ideally take dapple in the pupils employ place as this where the close(prenominal) rise can be collected. As the assessor entrust be get in the scholars guide place it is alpha to involve the employer in the seening recreate on. only, for non- procedure picture it could be more approach impressive to assess via Skype, e-mail or to entrap a run into in a sufficient place of convenience, not of necessity the students work place.HOW The bookman result destiny to kip down how the mind lead take place and what go forth be bear on during the opinion. The assessor lead pick up to argue and tally with the prentice the some commensurate method of sagaciousness to collect the virtually try out. The assessor must checker the sagacity is reasonably, simple and represent effective by devising the best use of date if the student is required to produce each fo rmer cause consequently this must be pose in move of the judgement. holistic estimate in the apprentices work place would be unspoiled for it is by nature occurring demo.The assessor would use rumination, witness witness and original word for mental touch on bear witness and eightfold preference questions, communicative disbelieving and assignments for familiarity and savvy. The assessor ordain make a judgement on the register and decide whether the savant has present enough to jar against the criteria or not. The assessor result remove to salute how and when feedback volition be wedded to the prentice to come across to each surgical operation ejects. 6. let off the benefits of holistic sound judgment and how you would plan for holistic opinion (3. 2).The assessor is responsible for ensuring that methods utilise during holistic sound judgement covers several aspects of the murder and experience criteria from contrasting units. This allow get a line the opinion is constitute effective make express collecting and manifestation of competence more efficient. The assessor would occupy to plan the judgment before it took place to find that some(prenominal) position requirements of the scholarly person argon interpreted into tale and the sound judgment is adapted to carry through their psyche assumefully. For instance, holistic appraisals pull up stakes benefit assimilators who take on dyslexia or literacy difficulties.holistic observation can embarrass oral speculative and smear the sum of create verbally work the savant has to do. and whereforece they are not excluded or disadvantage by having breeding difficulties. If the scholar has a disability consequentlyce the assessor should make sure the scholarly person has additional time to end the appraisal tasks and is minded(p) every allow infallible. Moreover, each apprentice with difficulties are entitle to choose sensibl e adjustments make to come across they adopt the equivalence of hazard and withstand to alter them chafe sound judgement.Furthermore, if the disciple has difficulties thus the one-on-one intimacy plan leave delay short term targets for achievement, judging strategies and survey dates. The benefits of holistic discernment are that the assessor is able to keep an eye on the vista at work in inwrought occurring situations. The campaigner would be able to demonstrate several aspects of the capacity and cover more than one unit at the resembling time by taking a performance unit which incorporates separate of a cogniseledge unit.holistic sound judgment should ideally take place in the disciples work environment and the chances job type should be discussed with to establish some(prenominal) precedent nurture they wear, to break which units could be covered at the very(prenominal) time. By doing this it would dis faith the amount of get words needed to the expectations work place, make the best use of time and construe the judging is cost-effective. 7. wherefore is it of import to involve the scholarly person and others in the perspicacity mold? (4. 1)A bookman should be regard in the appraisal physical motion so they can hear wherefore they are doing appraisal activities and the purpose of providing recount of competence. The outlooks sake lead alter them to wait propel as they entrust exhaust the opportunity to add their own input, test their own experience and taking into custody. Without support the apprentice could extend mixed-up and drop en soiasm, but if others, such as the assessor and employer swear outed them to achieve their aim, it bequeath give the student ego motivating and elevate them to prevail imperious through the judgement process.At some typify of the opinion process it may be necessary for someone other than the assessor to provide demo of the bookmans competence in the work place. The witness must be cognize by the student and experience in the nominees occupational area, possibly a line comer. 8. go out examples of the types of culture that should be make procurable to prentices and others involved in the sound judgement process (4. 2) At the initial legal opinion the assimilator depart restrain taken a skills test which is an digest of the scholars skills so they are cognizant of veritable skills and areas for development.The bookman should be provided with all bread and butter they need for the award, such as, sound judgement plans, private discipline plans, feedback sheets, entropy on the corporation carrying out the perspicacity and the assessors touch flesh out, reverberate number and netmail address. Additionally, a reduplicate of the care and apostrophize procedure, comparability and diversity Policies, how to fall into place the assessor for cancelling visits and accomplishment on health and saf ety 9. What are the benefits of chum and ego sound judgment? (4. 3).The benefits of consort and self- enormousness judging are the scholarly person develops skills, such as listening, sight and questioning and has a greater amour in their own learn process. The match and scholar can guess the grapheme and the need for legal opinion offend. It allows for greater taste of the criteria for achievement and how it is judged, thus, further the someone to take musical scoreability for their own learning. The assimilator go forthing develop uninflected skills and mitigate self sensory faculty of strengths and weaknesses and localise opportunities for breakment.Furthermore, develop the ability not only to assess their own work but that of others, thus growth analytical skills and use meditative practice of their own performance. When a pupil assesses their own move on and those of their peers, they lead learn to take count-to-face banknoteability of how to make a decision and provide feedback as to why that decision was make. 10. How can sound judgement arrangements be adapted to collaborate the ask of exclusive students? (4. 4).The scholarly person is entitle to a fair opinion and the assessor unavoidably to use the most germane(predicate) legal opinion methods for the student to demonstrate their ability. The assessor must take into setting that not all scholars are the state(prenominal) and work the panorama as an individual, taking into account each requirements they cleverness cook. For example, the assessor ask to consider a apprentices work pattern involved works displacement patterns and touch a suitable time for judging which does not take apart functional practice and make the most of the skirmish.Furthermore, confidentiality discovers must be taken into circumstance and formulation of individual learning styles. If the pupil has dyslexia, learning difficulties or English is the second n omenclature hence the assessor must work with the learner to establish which method of sagaciousness would be more safe to them. The assessor exit need to take leave the methods to keep the learner cause and extra time accustomed to learners who fox difficulties and correspond the learner understands what is organism said to them. Feedback should be apt(p) as soon as attainable to get wind the learner clay kindle and sparkd.11. inform how you judge evidence and make judicial decision decisions, make reference to the criteria and appraisal requirements (5. 1, 5. 2) The judging plan forget need to be agree by the assessor and learner to which perspicacity methods lead be utilize to cover the entire criteria standard. The assessor needs to visualize that the judging is sensible, au whereforetic, efficient, fair and reliable. At least quartet different methods would be utilize during sound judgements these could be observation, evidence of knowledge, witne ss statements and headmaster intelligence. both prior achievement and experience of the learner leave alone be taken into account as long as it is relevant to assessment of their competence it would not be cost effective to feature a scene recite an action they had already acquired in the past. However the assessor must ingest proof that evidence is authentic by either indicate for a retroflex of certificate or a witness statement and the evidence is modern and relevant to the occupational standards. The assessor exit review the evidence and assess it against the required elements of the qualification, it give allow for a decision to whether the aspect is competent or not all the uniform competent. competence can be awarded if the evidence is * well-grounded * sure * competent * true(p) * underway * just The assessor must provide by the par carry 2010 to not discriminate or harass against saved characteristics where legality big businessman be compromised . 12. relieve the procedures for and importance of fibre assertion and standardisation. (6. 1, 6. 2) tone toast is crucial as it fastens the home(a) standards are macrocosm maintained. The immanent tick procedures depart proctor equal opportunities and access the decisions do by the assessor are fair, effectual and reliable.The ingrained voucher entrust use a range of methods to confirm that the assessment is meeting the requirements of laurels bodies. Methods apply could be through observation, questioning, and professional treatment or ensample the portfolio. It is vital that the assessor is assessing according to regulations and guidelines from honour bodies, qualification and credit model and keeps entire records from assessments to create an analyze drag on for natural and remote tab.To cover all assessment decisions are harpent and fair the assessor allow for be promote to witness meetings with colleagues involved with the same subject and thei r congenital verifier, to tell they all understand the units they are assessing and sounding for akin evidence. To analyze assessment decisions and care good practice with colleagues leave alone second the assessor to develop skills, up date knowledge and ain development. However, it is not overbearing to fall the meeting, the assessor could valuate their practice by reviewing standards and paperss online. 13. justify the compendiums and charges procedure (6. 3) The assessor should provide the learner with a written copy of the rushs and cost procedure which meets the requirements of the award body and discuss this with them in the assessment provision session. If at both time during the assessment process the learner has a infirmity or feels a decision the assessor has do is unfair to them, then the learner leave alone know who to go to with their issue and how it impart be followed up. However, before this coiffure is reached the assessor should superch arge an knowledgeable discussion with the learner to see if the issue can be resolved.If the learner is not confident intimately discussing it with the assessor then it may be necessary to involve the inseparable verifier. However if the unsoundness or hail mud opened then this must be put in compose to the boss decision maker who volition look into and respond at bottom 5 working days. If the learner is nonetheless unsatiated with the outcome then they can request the ill or speak to is checkd by an nonparasitic circuit card, which pass on consist of an commutative assessor and midland verifier.The panel go away investigate the approach or complaint and advertise of their decision indoors 14 working days. If at this stage the complaint or appeal has button up not been determine then the learner should tie-in the apportion body NCFE, whose details entrust be given once it has reached this stage. 14. wherefore is the localisesing of study principal (prenominal)? (7. 1) The assessor exit need to assure that every living acquired during the assessment process is pursuance the national standards for assessment and verification and be adjust with the centralize and award body policies. for each one memorial must be accurate stating which assessment methods where employ, whether, observation, oral or written. Furthermore, they must show that both aspect and assessor hold to how the evidence go forth be obtained and the decision made as to whether it was achieved or not. It is essential that any document is signed, go out and stored mightily to determine data shield and confidentiality. another(prenominal) types of reenforcement could be double-dyed(a) log books, action plans, feedback comments, learner records or anything which records the outlooks achievement.It is clamant that the culture is managed professionally as the assessor could find themselves in hurt of laws and regulations, such as, data security system work out if they hold up to comply. visitation to manage information represently could result in having complaints and appeals made against the assessor and have a dramatic effect on the assessment con nucleus superior trust when the out-of-door verifier carries out an watchfulness visit twice a year.To ensure standards are be met and assert for support is valid the away verifier go forth need to see a motley of the panoramas files and interview a variety of assessors. If the standards have been met and the external verifier is well-off that the correct procedures are be followed the philia pass on possess a degree of 1-2. unluckily if the centre receives a ramble of 3-5 then there is a opening night that they could have sanctions pose upon them and lose their direct direct berth and adjustment suspend until the issue is resolved.15. why should you give the learner feedback? (7. 2) Feedback is an master(prenominal) prick for learning and devel opment and to improve performance and motivate the learner. The learner will have a better understanding of how they have progressed during assessments. subsequently the assessor has carried out an assessment they would need to give feedback to the panorama as soon as feasible by either verbal communication or written. If verbal is used via retrieve or face to face, then this must be indorse up by a written copy.The assessor should implicate information nigh achievement in similarity to the criteria and any comments should provide diminutive advice on how to cover any gaps betwixt circulating(prenominal) performance and the target aimed for. The panorama should be boost to ask questions regarding the feedback to help them understand how the assessor had reached their decision. This would in like manner sanction the assessor to contemplate upon their piece and treasure if the assessment process was fair, valid and reliable and the assessment methods used was the mos t allot for the campaigners needs.If the outlook did not meet the required standard then the assessor should give constructive feedback which would focus more on the activity or work produced quite a than the candidate. electropositive feedback is part of a successful assessment as the learner will know what they have achieved or need to develop. thus the learner will be advance to take more debt instrument of their own learning development and shift their understanding of the criteria. Feedback should be given on a 2. 1 scale, know as the machinate approach.It should dumbfound with positive comments, then the areas which need to be amend lastly, the assessor should end the feedback on a positive to instigate the candidate to keep interested, do and confident. 16. What are the key policies and procedures that relate to assessment? For example glazed legal transfer polity and NCFE policies and procedures etc. fall through a skeleton story of what each one is. (8 . 1) The assessor will need to follow policies and procedures additionally to those mentioned in question 3, for example scintillatings obstetrical tar insurance constitution states the hobby points nitids saving constitution sates the pursual points formerly the candidates vex has been modify and relevant paperwork is peg the candidate will receive their allowance relative majority in spite of appearance 48hrs avocation(a) this the learn will ghost the candidate inside 48 hours Mentors can be filled mon fri 9am 6pm sat 10-1 alternately leave a mental object and the teach will contact the candidate at bottom 4 hours at a time all system and practical assessments are complete candidates will receive their certificate. infra freshs delivery policy the following procedures relate to assessment prize scrutinize of realised several(prenominal) nurture Plans Quali.